德國「高等教育4.0」數位化發展之脈絡、實踐與反思

Context, Practices, and Reflections of the Digital Development of “Higher Education 4.0” in Germany

「工業4.0」的出現改變了職場的環境與生態，使得職場對人才的要求進一步改變了教育的內涵與模式，使其必須革新。身為「工業4.0」發源地的德國，為使其產業與教育的數位發展同步，聯邦政府透過一系列政策的扶持，全面推進高等教育數位化發展的速度。在政策支持下，德國各大學積極於教學、研究與行政管理三大面向加速數位化的轉型，升級「高等教育4.0」，開啟大學數位化的新紀元，並以培養未來職場所需的數位人才為目標。本研究主要透過文件分析法，首先探析德國政府的各項重要數位化發展政策，以瞭解其脈絡與內涵，更透過文獻爬梳勾勒出德國「高等教育4.0」數位化發展的樣貌，瞭解其實施概念、措施與現況，並據以提出建議：一、政府政策的全面實施、逐漸推動與跨界整合；二、數位教學及研究需與科技發展並進；三、重視數位資訊安全與倫理。雖因國情差異，德國的模式與經驗無法直接移植至臺灣，但其作法及優點仍可作為我國反思與借鏡之參照。

The emergence of Industry 4.0 has changed the environment and ecology of the workplace dramatically. A massive demand for talents in the workplace was created, and the connotations and modes of education in general were changed. Germany, the birthplace of Industry 4.0, was committed to keeping its industry in sync with digital development. Therefore, the German federal government implemented a series of policies which were aimed at comprehensively promoting the pace and scope of digital development in higher education. Ever since, the German higher education policy framework has been actively focusing on teaching, research, and administration with policies that accelerates digital transformation and upgrade towards Higher Education 4.0. This opened a new era for university development aimed at cultivating digital talents, which are urgently needed for the future workplace. This study assessed recent policy developments related to the transformation into a Higher Education 4.0 system in Germany. First, Germany’s digital development policies were briefly introduced to provide an overview of the overall policy framework. Second, from a document analysis approach, the measures were critically analyzed and discussed to provide a deeper understanding of their rationale and scope. Finally, this study elaborated on the experiences in Germany and proposed recommendations on how policies in Taiwan could be adjusted accordingly.