緬甸高等教育制度及其民主化變革之探究   免費試閱

A Study of Myanmar’s Higher Education System and Its Democratization Change

緬甸自1948年脫離英國殖民政府，獨立後成立緬甸聯邦共和國，開始了民選總統的體制，然而卻在1962年發生政變，開始了軍事獨裁統治，長達50餘年的高壓統治，致使緬甸的高等教育發展嚴重停滯。直至1997年正式加入東南亞國家協會，又於2011年改體回民主，才突破國際制裁，並開始加速發展其高等教育。本研究先分析緬甸從封建殖民到民主時代之高等教育發展、高等教育法規及其行政體制分析，以及高等教育的民主化發展對我國新南向政策的回應。最後歸結出緬甸政府在高等教育的四項積極措施：一、改變大學入學考試制度；二、修正高等教育法規；三、制訂中長程計畫提升高等教育素質；四、推動緬甸高等教育走向國際化，將促進緬甸高等教育的發展。

Myanmar was out of the British colonial government’s rule and established the Federal Republic government since 1948, and it began a democratic presidential system. However, since 1962 Myanmar began the military dictatorship up to 50 years of high-pressure rule, resulting in the serious stagnation of development of higher education. Until 1997 Myanmar formally joined the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and it became democratic election in 2011 to break the international sanctions to accelerate the development of its higher education. This study first analyzed the development of higher education in feudal colonialism from the feudal colonial era to the democratic era, the analysis of higher education regulations and its administrative system and the democratic development of higher education to the new southward policy. And finally put forward the Myanmar government in the four major measures of higher education: First, to change the university entrance examination system; Second, to amend the higher education regulations; Third, the development of long-term plan to improve the quality of higher education; Fourth, to promote Myanmar higher education internationally and its development.