小月齡幼兒安全依附潛在成長軌跡與異質性之分析

Latent Growth Trajectories and Heterogeneity in Secure Attachment among Infants and Toddlers

本研究以臺灣6至24月齡的嬰幼兒（本研究稱小月齡）為研究對象，旨在探討安全依附之發展軌跡，並分析性別、母奶哺餵經驗、照護型態、睡眠狀況、父母情緒狀態等背景變項對依附發展歷程的影響。研究資料取自「臺灣幼兒發展調查資料庫」，擷取 6、12、18與 24月齡四個時點的縱貫數據，共計有效樣本4,751人。研究方法採用潛在成長曲線模型，以AMOS 24.0進行模型估計，用以分析幼兒安全依附隨月齡變化之發展趨勢，並檢驗各背景變項對其起始點與成長率的預測效果。採用潛在成長曲線模型探討幼兒安全依附隨月齡增長之變化趨勢，並檢驗各背景變項對其起始點與成長率的預測效果。結果顯示，6至24月齡幼兒安全依附呈非線性成長，其中，6至12月齡發展最快，12至18月齡次之，18至24月齡趨於穩定。此外，多項來自資料庫的背景變項亦對依附發展軌跡產生顯著影響，包括性別、母乳哺餵、目前是否仍包尿布、睡眠規律、開始接受非父母照顧的月齡及父、母情緒狀態等；相對地，出生序、有無兄弟姊妹及主要照顧者是否為父母則無顯著影響。綜上，幼兒安全依附在出生後首年快速建立，並受多重個人與家庭因素影響。

This study investigated the developmental trajectories of secure attachment among Taiwanese infants and toddlers aged 6 to 24 months, and analyzed the effects of background variables on this developmental process. Drawing on longitudinal data from the Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care, data from four measurement waves (at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months) were extracted, yielding a final valid sample of 4,751 cases. Latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) using AMOS 24.0 was employed to analyze the developmental trends of secure attachment and to examine the predictive effects of background variables on its initial level and growth rate. The results indicated that secure attachment exhibited non-linear growth over time; the most rapid development occurred between 6 and 12 months, followed by 12 to 18 months, and tended to stabilize between 18 and 24 months. Furthermore, multiple background variables had significant effects on the development trajectories, including gender, breastfeeding experience, current use of diapers, sleep regularity, the age of onset for non-parental care, and the emotional states of both parents. In contrast, birth order, presence of siblings, and whether the primary caregiver was a parent showed no significant effects. In conclusion, these findings suggest that secure attachment is rapidly established in the first year of life and is influenced by multiple individual and familial factors.