4~7岁儿童对生物目的指向性的认知发展模式

Cognitive Development on Recognizing Goal-directed Action of Biological Kinds in 4-to-7-Year-Olds

采用结构式访谈法，通过计算机模拟真实情景的动画方式，系统探查4~7岁儿童在目的指向性维度上的本体区分、因果认知发展模式以及在此维度上的朴素生物学“理论”的形成。结果表明：(1)4~7岁儿童在目的指向性维度上进行本体区分的认知发展模式，经历了从低到高4种发展水平，即目的论模式----基于动物模式----基于生物模式----基于本体区分模式；(2)4~7岁儿童对目的指向性的因果认知与本体区分表现出一致性发展模式，表明学前儿童在目的指向性维度上逐渐形成了朴素生物学“理论”；(3)5~6岁是儿童对目的指向性认知的快速发展期，领域知识对儿童的认知发展具有明显的促进作用，但是受年龄和领域任务的影响。

Creature are the living entities， which go for advantages and avoid disadvantages in order to keep themselves living and race breeding ， so all creatures have goal-directed action. Goal-directed action is the basic nature for living things， but non-living things have no such nature， so it is an important standard to distinguish living and non-living things， but for 4-to-7-year-old children， the following three questions are uncertain. How or Whether they carry on entity distinguish of living thi