自日本國立大學法人化制度發展省思臺灣大學系統組織改革之取徑

Reflections on the Organizational Reform of Taiwan’s University System from the Development of the Incorporation Policy of Japan’s National Universities

臺灣高等教育近年受到少子女化、經費緊縮與國際競爭加劇等衝擊，而亟需尋找更為前瞻與有效的治理模式。基於整合校際資源、提升整體競爭力等目的，教育部乃訂定頒布《大學系統組織及運作辦法》而陸續核定成立多個大學系統。與之相對，日本自2003年10月《國立大學法人法》公布實施後，即依法運作得確保大學自主性營運的相關舉措。緣此，本研究運用以國內外重要文獻為對象之文件分析方法，透過梳理及說明該國「國立大學法人化」制度與「一法人複數大學」模式的歷史沿革與核心理念，以及探究該當制度之運作特色和潛在影響等研究歷程，借鏡該國改革經驗，歸納出包含應建構穩固之大學系統組織及運作的法制基礎與法人治理架構等，對於我國中央政府未來可能推動大學系統組織優化或相關政策舉措之際的參考建議事項。

In recent years, Taiwan’s higher education system has been challenged by childlessness, reduced funding, and intensified global competition, underscoring the urgent need for more forward-looking governance models. Thus, Taiwan’s Ministry of Education promulgated the Regulations on the Organization and Operation of the University System, authorizing the establishment of multiple university systems. In contrast, Japan’s National University Corporation Law in (2003) established a legal foundation that strengthened institutional autonomy. Through a systematic review and explanation of the historical evolution and core principles of Japan’s National University Corporation System and its “One Corporation, Multiple Universities” model, the study further explores the operational characteristics and potential impacts of this institutional framework. Based on Japan’s reform experience, the study proposes that Taiwan’s central government should establish a solid legal and corporate governance framework to strengthen the organization and operation of university systems.