西方经典教育的历史、模式与经验－以美国为中心的考察

The History, Modes and Experience of Classical Education in the United States

现代美国组织化经典教育起源于哥伦比亚大学名著课程，并通过名著阅读运动逐渐成为美国高等教育、普通教育和成人教育的组成部分。经典教育在其发展过程中体现了其与西方现代社会、文化和教育变迁反思的复杂关系，在其背后隐含着古今之争以及理性进步主义，历史相对主义和绝对主义三种立场。这三种立场影响了经典教育的存毁、经典著作的选择及理解方式和经典教育的模式，并演化出大众式和精英式的冲突。经典教育重点在于理解其核心是价值观念冲突，从而选择自己的立场，并理解这一立场与现实的关系。

The organized classical education in modern United States originated from the classic curriculum in Columbia University, and has gradually become a part of American higher education, ordinary education and adult education. The development of classical education reflects the complex relationship between classical education and the social, cultural and educational change in the modern western world. Behind classical education, it is the dispute about ancient and modern and there are three standpoints, namely, the rational progressivism, historical relativism and absolutism. These standpoints have affected the existence of classical education, the selection and ways of understanding of the Great Books as well as the modes of classical education, and have brought about the conflict between popular mode and elite mode in class education. It is important to understand that the conflict of values is the core of classical education and the most important thing is to take one’s own position and understand the relationship between this position and the reality.