集体主义与个体主义道德文化的教育反思

The Educational Reflection on the Moral Culture of Collectivism and Individualism

集体主义与个体主义文化的概念是西方学者在20世纪70、80年代提出，最近十几年来备受争议。研究表明，这种差异实际上反映的是文化或外部环境要求的差异，而不是人类道德心理普遍的本质倾向。在儒家学说和亚洲价值观中同样有民主、权利等政治思想。对亚洲青少年关于权利和民主决策的推理研究表明，东西方青少年的道德推理并不存在显着文化差异，即使在中国文化内部，青少年的道德推理也不存在城乡差异。这表明，自主、权利和民主的概念来源于人类普遍的心理需求。

The concept of collectivist and individualist culture was proposed by western scholars during the 1970s and 1980s, and has invoked great debates in recent decade. The research shows that the dichotomy actually reflect the cultural difference and its external environmental difference in its requirements for people, and therefore it is not universal and natural tendency within people's moral mind. There were also such political thoughts as democracy and rights in Confucian doctrine and Asian values. The research on the Asian adolescents' reasoning of rights and democratic decision making shows that the moral reasoning of adolescents between East and West has no significant cultural differences, and even within the Chinese culture there is no difference in adolescents' moral reasoning between urban and rural area. It probably shows that the concepts such as autonomy, right and democracy are originated from the universal mental needs of human beings.