从虚假到真实：集体主义教育反思

From False to True: Reflection of Collective Education

过往的教育实践中由于对集体主义的机械理解，使得集体主义教育理念发生异化，即强调个人对集体的绝对依顺和服从，导致个人自由个性的丧失，使个体成为丧失主体性的残缺的存在，无益于和谐集体的建构。从马克思关于真实集体主义的立场出发，应该在教育中树立以促进个人自由发展为主线的集体主义理念，个人只有在集体中才可能是自由的，集体为个人自由发展提供条件和保障，从而使得教育在造就丰富个性的人的同时，也迎来集体的盎然生机。

The conception of collective education has been dissimilated due to the rigid understanding of collectivism in the educational practice in the past. It emphasizes absolute obedience of individual to the collective, resulting in the loss of individual freedom and the individual as incomplete existence without subjectivity, which is inconducive to the construction of harmonious collective. From the standpoint of Marx's true collectivism, we should construct the conception of collectivism with promoting individual freedom as its main theme. Individual can only be free in the collective and the collective provide conditions for and guarantee the personal freedom of development. In this way, education will not only cultivate persons with diversified personalities but also facilitate the prosperous development of the collective.