统一性和多样化并存的日本大学招生考试制度

Coexistence of Uniformity and Multiplicity in Japan's College Entrance Exam System

日本现行的大学招生考试制度是由全国统一学力考试“大学入学考试中心考试”和各高校自行组织的单独考试两个阶段组成。这种考试制度作为紧密联系中等教育和高等教育的一个重要环节，解决了考生共性与个性、聚合思维与发散思维以及中学教学的基础性和高校选拔的专业性等矛盾，最大限度地克服了“一考定终身”的弊端。

Japan's current university entrance examination is composed of two phases——a unified national scholastic ability test－‘National Center Test', and the exclusive recruitment examination organized by the universities. This ‘split' type of test system, as an important close link between the secondary and higher education sectors, addresses the conflicts between the common and individual characteristics, divergent thinking and convergent thinking of the candidates, and the conflicts between basic quality in secondary schools and professionalism in universities. The system largely overcomes the limits of the ‘whole life is determined by one test'.