日本國立大學法人的評價機制

Review on the Reform of National University Corporations in Japan

日本的國立大學自2004年開始實行國立大學法人制度。此措施反映了日本行政改革的一端，是政府的整體社會服務在制度限制上松綁的一個改革環節，在國際上也是政府對國立大學統籌管理間接化的一個典型例子。綜述這個改革，不僅有助於理解日本近期的國立大學改革，而且有利於理解世界高等教育系統面臨的一些基礎問題。本文將對法人化改革的歷史和政治背景作一概觀，論述日本國立大學法人的結構及其實施過程中存在的問題，最後討論這項改革中隱含的一些基礎問題。本文將對法人化改革的歷史和政治背景作一概觀，論述日本國立大學法人的結構及實施過程中存在的問題，最後討論這項改革中隱含的一些基礎問題。

Japanese national universities became National University Corporations in 2004. This is a typical case that government control in social services became indirect， national universities were given greater decision making power in operation and management. Examination on this reform will not only help to understand the current university reform in Japan， but also reveal some fundamental issues that the higher education systems in the world are facing. This paper reviewed the historical and political backgrounds of national university corporations， and further discussed its scheme as well as the process of implementation. This paper also analyzed the fundamental problems involved in this reform.