鄉村建設與現代中國文明

The Rural Building Movement and Modern China Civilization

梁漱溟和晏陽初是二十世紀三十年代鄉村建設的重要代表，本文考察和比較了他們的鄉村教育理念和實踐。梁漱溟從儒定的倫理思想出發，試圖通過鄉學村學，繼承鄉約的傳統，在中國培育個人和團體新倫理；晏陽初則針對中國農民愚、窮、弱、私的四大問題，以四大教育和三大方式，試圖為農民培養基本的文化素養，使他們成為有教養的現代公民。兩個人教以政教合一的方式，立足中國現實，應對西方現代文明的冲擊，他們的成功和失敗都有很重要的意義。

Liang Shuming and James Yan were both leading figures of the rural building movement of the 1930s. in this paper， I examine and compare their theories and practices. Based on his understanding of Confucianism， Liang Shuming attempted to inherit the tradition of Xiang Yue in traditional China and cultivate a modern ethics between individuals and the collectivity. James Yan， however， wanted to cultivate the peasants into qualified citizens of a modern country. Both of them used political methods to carry out their education ideas， based on China’s realities， to deal with the impact of modern Western civilization. Their success and failure are both very important to us.