國家與公共教育：新人力資本理論的分析框架

State and Public Education: The New Human Capital Theory Perspective

在過去五十餘年鄉，教育經濟學研究對於公共教育問題討論之話語權為尊奉功能主義傳統的理論流派所主導，特別是人力資本理論。本文延伸了既有的理論，並提出了一個新的分析框架，即新人力資本理論。該理論的核心是，人力資本可按照兩個維度進行分類。第一個維度是人力資本的生產性屬性。與生產性人力資本相對應的是分配性人力資本。第二個維度是人力資本的私人物品屬性。按照這一維度，人力資本可以分為兩類，第一類是私人物品化的人力資本，第二類是集體物品化的人力資本。傳統的人力資本概念僅局限於生產性的、私人物品化的人力資本。但歷史與現實中大量的、甚至占主導地位的教育乃是以集體物品化的人力資本或是分配性人力資本的傳輸為核心的。在此基礎上，本研究對於國家與公共教育複雜的關係提出了一個整合性的分析框架。

Over the past five decades the economic literature on public education has been dominated with research following the functionalism paradigm， in particular studies using the human capital theory to define and explain the function and evolution of public education. We extend existing economic theories and propose a new analytical framework， i.e.， the new human capital theory. The theory is that the human capital can be classified along with two dimensions， productive human capital versus distributive human capital， private human capital versus collective human capital. It is argued that the traditional concepts of human capital were only limited to productive and private human capital. Nevertheless， public education in history or reality centered or centers on the transmission of collective human capital and／or distributive human capital. Based on the theory a holistic framework of analysis is proposed to examine the complicated nature of the relationship between state and public education.