學術自由的內外限度及其歷史演變──《系科之爭》到《韋伯論大學》

Internal and External Limitations of Academic Freedom and Its Historical Development: From The Strife of Faculties to Max Weber on Universities

在對德國古典大學觀的研究中，人們大多注意的是洪堡的思想。為了深入理解德國模式中的學術自由觀，本文分別分析了洪堡之前的康德所著的《系科之爭》和洪堡之後的韋伯所著的《韋伯論大學》，並將兩人的學術自由思想作了簡要的對比。從中我們既可以看到他們對學術自由的內在限度和外在限度的某些共同理解，也可以看到韋伯在討論學術自由的基礎時以理性化概念取代了康德的理性概念之後所賦予學術自由的新的內涵。

Among the researches of ideas of ancient German universities， ideas of Humboldt are always paid attention to. In order to understand more about the idea of academic freedom in the German model， this paper analyzed The Strife of Faculties by Kant and Max Weber on Universities by Weber， before and after Humboldt respectively， and makes a brief comparison between ideas of academic freedom of Kant and Weber. We can discover not only some mutual understandings of the internal limitations of academic freedom， but also the new content of academic freedom invested by Weber’s concept of rationalization after its taking over Kant’s concept of reason.