我國高校博士教育擴散、博士質量分布與質量保障：制度主義視角

Expansion of Doctoral Education, Quality Distribution and Quality Assurance of Doctorate in Chinese Universities: A Perspective of the Institutionalism

本文針對我國高校博士教育擴散、博士質量分布與博士質量保障問題從組織分析新制度主觀視角進行了探討，認為我國的博士教育是源自西方的大學制度在全球擴散的一部份，博士教育的擴散過程、擴散特點對博士質量在高教系統的分布和質量保障有著重要影響；文章指出，博士質量標準的模糊性、博士訓練過程的複雜性、多樣性與不確定性使得對博士質量的判斷更多地依據培養單位所擁有的制度元素和制度形式與全球標準的符合程度；博士教育制度通過對資格、程序和結果的控制，對外解釋博士教育過程，緩解外部壓力，保護”技術內核”，對內則起著引導、規範和制約的博士教育實踐活動的作用；但博士教育制度符號系統的混亂以及博士教育制度某些象徵功能的過分強化也會損及博士學術訓練的內在過程。因此，在加強博士制度建設時應注意維護制度外殼與技術內核的平衡。

The paper probes into the expansion， the quality distribution of doctoral education and the quality assurance of doctorate in Chinese universities from the perspective of the new institutionalism in organizational analysis. It points out that Chinese doctoral education results from the global expansion of the institutions of western university， and that the expanding process and its characteristics exerts an important effects on the quality distribution and the quality assurance of doctorate. Because the criteria of quality of doctorate are ambiguous and the process of doctoral training is very complex， diverse and uncertain， the assessment often depends on the isomorphism of institutions of doctoral education. With the control of the qualification， process and outcome， the institutions of doctor education explain the process of doctoral education for the society and protect the technical core of doctoral education against the outside interference and play the leading， regulative and administrative role inside the university. on the other hand， the disorder of the sign system of doctoral education or overemphasis of the symbol function of some elements of the institution will do harm to the technical core of the doctoral education. Therefore， it is important to keep the balance between the institution-building and the power of the academic community.