我國研究生創新能力現狀及其影響因素分析──基於三次研究生教育質量調查的結果

Analyses of Present Condition of the Graduates’ Innovative Capability and Its Influencing Factors: Based on Three Large-scale Quality Surveys of Graduate Education in China

自2006年9月以來，受國務院學位辦和清華大學的委託，我們進行了三次較大規模的研究生特別是博士生教育質量調查，結果表明，我國研究生教育質量方面存在的首要問題是創新能力尤其是原創能力較差。其表現為：創新意識差、參與創新研究機會少、有影響的創新成果少。究其原因，主要在於：首先是體制和機制的原因，既有政府宏觀管理的錯位問題，也有學校內部的培養制度原因；其次，我國研究生教育的支撐環境較差，博士生導師隊伍素質還有很大的提升空間，同時，我們的政府投入還很不到位，經費支出結構也很不合理；再者，研究生自身的因素也不可忽略。文章最後針對我國研究生創新能力差及其原因等提出了一些建議。

Since the September of 2006， we have carried out three large-scale quality surveys of the graduate education sponsored by the Academic Degree Office of State Council and Tsinghua University. The results show that the essential problem in China is the scarcity of the innovative capability， especially the originality. This manifests itself in the lack of the sense of innovation， in the shortage of the opportunities for creative research， in the scarcity of influential achievements. The reasons lie mainly in the following three aspects: first of all， the problems of systems and mechanisms， including the problems of both the governmental macro management and the institutional system; second， the disadvantages of the supporting conditions of the graduate education in China， such as， the lower level of the advisers， the insufficient financial investment of the government and the improper structure of the expenditures; third， the graduate students’ problems of their own. This paper finally gives some suggestions for improving the graduates’ innovative capability.