十二年國民基本教育考試分發特色招生未來方向：以美國紐約市特殊高中入學制度為思考   免費試閱

Future Direction for the Recruitment of Elite High Schools in 12-Year Basic Education: Reflecting on the Specialized High School Entrance System in New York

臺灣的十二年國民基本教育在高中職入學管道分為免試入學與特色招生入學兩類，其中考試特招從第一年為傳統明星高中主要入學管道，到目前主要以學校發展特色課程為主，未來發展應如何定位仍不明確。因此，本研究探討紐約市特殊高中的入學制度與相關研究後發現，雖然紐約市為提高弱勢學生進入特殊高中的機會，並訂有特殊高中預備學校與探索計畫等配套措施，但特殊高中的學生在族裔、性別與社經背景上仍存在差異，以白人與華裔、男性、高社經背景的學生居多。另有研究發現有83%特殊高中的學生集中來自15%的中學，且即使改變特殊高中考試入學的方式，改以多元標準（如出勤率、州考成績、在校成績等）期能提高其他族裔學生在特殊高中的錄取率，成效仍然有限。此外，若學區內有優良的高中或學程，高學業成就的學生也未必會選擇就讀特殊高中，反而會選擇留在學區內的一般高中就讀。對照臺灣目前考試特招的現況，建議教育主管機關應分析免試與考試特招政策內涵的異同、界定特色課程在高中教育的角色，並建立十二年國民基本教育長期學習資料庫，以實證資料來支持若臺灣採取類似紐約市特殊高中與一般高中的入學制度是否合適。

The high school recruitment of 12-year basic education in Taiwan includes application and entrance exam. The goal of entrance exam transfers from the recruitment for traditional elite high schools to focusing on the development of featured curriculum. However, the policy for elite high schools and related entrance exam is not clear. This article discussed the entrance system and studies of specialized high schools in New York and found several important issues. First, there are significant difference on ethnicity, gender, and social-economic status (SES) among specialized high school students, even though New York government tried to make up this gap by specialized high schools institute and discovery program. A large percentage of specialized high school students belong to white and Asian, male, and high SES categories. In addition, alternative admissions rules such as attendance, State test scores, and grades, have little to no effect on the concentration of specialized high schools offers in minority students. Further, students who scored in the top 2 percent of the State test were less likely to matriculate to a specialized high school if there were satisfied high schools or programs in their school district. To compare with the entrance exam of featured school in Taiwan, this article suggests that education department should analyze the similarity and difference between application and entrance exam of high school recruitment, and confirm the function of featured curriculum in senior high school education. Moreover, education department should establish the database of 12- year basic education and conducts rigorous studies to support future educational polices like the system of New York specialized high school entrance.