析論韓國高等教育學費與獎助學措施   免費試閱

An Analysis of Higher Education Tuition Fees and Student Financial Aid in South Korea

長期以來，韓國高等教育機構的高學費是每次大統領選舉的重要改革政策之一，根據2011年《企業時報》的報導指出，世界前三大高學費國家為美國、英國與韓國。特別是自2000年開始，韓國高等教育學費10年間在國立大學部分漲幅高達82.7%，私立大學部分漲幅為57.1%。為了解決大學高學費問題，韓國政府提出哪些對策？值得觀察。本研究蒐集並整理政府有關文件及一手韓文文獻，以達成析論韓國高等教育學費與獎助學措施之研究目的。本研究發現，李明博政府時代祭出了「學費減半」政策、成立韓國獎學金財團、設立「學費評價委員會」、建立「學費上限制度」等措施。到了朴槿惠政府時代，大學開始感受到少子化的衝擊，隨意調漲學費可能使得招生雪上加霜；另外，透過高等教育評鑑手段，將高等教育機構分為五等級，依等級掐緊大學招生名額，隨意調漲學費將使得評鑑成績不佳，且將大學「學費凍漲與降低」列為各項競爭型補助評分項目之一，顯示出政府為避免學費過高的努力措施。本研究析論韓國高等教育學費與獎助學措施，希望有助於台灣擬定高等教育學費相關政策的參考。

The higher education tuition fees has always been one of key issues for policy reform in Korean presidential election. According to the International Business Times, the Unites States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea are the three top tuition fees countries in the world. Since 2000 Korean tuition fees the increase rate for national universities had reached 82.7%, and 57.1% for private universities in ten years period. It is essential to examine the policy solutions taken by the Korean government to deal with the above problem? For the purposes of this study Korean Documents and literature concerned were collected and analyzed. Main findings: first of all, Half Tuition Plan, the establishment of the Korea Student Aid Foundation –KOSAF, and the Tuition Appraisal Committee, and Tuition Cap System etc., were initiated by the government of the president Myung-Bak Lee (李明博). Secondly in the era of the government of the president Geun-Hye Park (朴槿惠), due to the decline of birth rate and high tuition fees universities are facing the challenge of recruiting prospective students, and divided into five grades, and their student quotas were decided by the government in according to university evaluation. The frozen and decrease of tuition fees has become one of review items in the competitive funding distribution. In this paper higher education tuition fees and student aid in South Korea are analyzed and valuable for the relevant policy making.