农村义务教育学校布局调整政策的地方性理解与实践

Local Understanding and Practice of Rural Compulsory Education School Layout Adjustment Policy

自2001 年中央发出农村义务教育学校布局调整政策指示十余年以来，我国农村义务教育格局发生了巨大的变化。通过对Ｓ省两地的实证调查发现，中央有关布局调整政策到地方层面执行时，由于行政官员自身的理解使政策带有地方性色彩，在政策执行中将政策目标简单化理解并量化操作，出现政策执行与政策指向相背离的情况。大量撤并村小和教学点、农村小学布局过于集中及隐性强行撤并的思路和做法，造成教育资源浪费，使农村小学生就近入学的教育机会受到损伤，也改变了一部分农村家庭的生产和生活方式。应建立一整套民主的教育政策决策和纠错机制，强化国家行为，保护处境不利群体的教育机会，最大程度地增强政策的理性。

The instruction of rural compulsory education school layout adjustment policy has been issued for more than ten years since 2001.Great changes have taken place in the rural compulsory education pattern in China. The empirical investigation in two regions of S Province found that the policy target was understood simply and operated quantitatively in the layout policy implementation due to the administrative officials’ local understanding of the policy. This led to the deviation of policy implementation from policy orientation. The ideas and practices of the merging of a large number of rural schools and teaching spots, the overconcentration of rural school layout and the covert forced merging resulted in a waste of educational resources, the loss of the opportunities for rural primary school students to access to nearby school education, and the change of a part of rural household production and life style. A set of democratic education policy decision and error correction mechanism should be established and the national behavior should be strengthened to protect the educational opportunities of the disadvantaged and to maximize the rationality of the policy.