美国K-12在线教育：现状、系统结构与政策分析

Analysis of the Current Status, System Structure and Policy of K-12 Online Education in America

In the development of global K-12 online education， the United States has been in the leading position and has developed rapidly. Document research is the main method. This paper analyzes and summarizes the experience and development of K-12 online education in America in the past 20 years from three dimensions: the origins and motivations， system structure and policy issues. The results show that: 1.The application and development of online education in K-12 education system in the United States has been closely focused on the following three goals. The first is to meet the needs of students’ personalized and diversified development， the second is to enhance the sharing of educational resources， to narrow the “digital divide” and promote equity in K-12 education system， the third one is to improve the quality of schools. 2.After a long period of development and continuous improvement， online education has covered and integrated the entire K-12 education system. A mature student-centered virtual learning system and a systematic structure of K-12 online education have formed based on the State Virtual School. In this online education structure， state governments， state virtual schools， online education providers and schools undertake their own roles and responsibilities respectively. 3.In the early stage of K-12 online education development， the direct guide and promotion of the federal government and the state government policy has played an extremely important role， which is the fundamental guarantee for the stable and sustainable development of K-12 online education in the past 20 years. These online education policies directed and promoted to solve the major problems during the reform and development of American K-12 educationsystem， including accountability， equity issues and availability， quality and efficiency of K-12 education system， teachers professional development， also data privacy and security issues which are more and more serious in recent years.