语义慕课：语义网环境下MOOC的发展愿景

Semantic MOOC: The Development Prospect of MOOC under the Environment of the Semantic Web

语义慕课又称作LOOC(Linked Open Online Courses)，即“关联开放在线课程”。近来，国外推崇语 义慕课的声音越来越大，相关的试验应用也已生根发芽，语义慕课已成为国际在线课程研究的一个重要方向。因 此，对语义慕课相关研究进行系统考察能为国内研究者及时跟踪国外最新动态与开展语义慕课相关研究提供借 鉴。语义慕课是语义网技术与MOOC的结合体，是一种基于MOOC平台的语义应用，具有关联性、开放性、个 性化以及智能化等特征。该文在分析德国达姆施塔特工业大学研究成果的基础上，详细介绍了语义慕课涉及的关 键技术，并尝试构建了语义慕课的结构体系。语义慕课的关键技术主要有：用于描述数据语义的RDF、用于构 造和推理的 OWL以及用于查询关联数据的 SPARQL。该文构建的语义慕课完整体系主要包括四大模块：用于搜 索“货源”的数据获取模块，用于打造“地基”的数据转换模块，用于构建“仓库”的数据关联模块以及用于设 计“窗口”的数据应用模块。未来，我国语义慕课的研究与实践需从资源建设、局部试验、技术迁移等路径协同 推进。在推进的过程中，我们应积极面对知识产权、技术开发以及队伍建设等方面的诸多挑战。

Semantic MOOC is also called LOOC， which is an acronym for Linked Open Online Courses. Recently， more and more attention has been drawn to Semantic MOOC， the relevant tests have been started. Semantic MOOC has become an important direction of international online course area. Therefore， in order to enable the domestic scholars to follow the international trends and to carry out related research， it is necessary to make a systematic investigation on Semantic MOOC. Semantic MOOC is the combination of semantic web technology and MOOC， and it is a kind of semantic application for linking MOOC platform. The characteristics of MOOC are related， open， personalized and intelligent. Based on the analysis of the research of Darmstadt Industrial University in German， this paper introduces the key technologies of Semantic MOOC， and tries to construct the complete structure of Semantic MOOC. The key technologies are Resource Description Framework， Web Ontology Language and Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language. The complete structure mainly includes four modules: data acquisition module(for searching data)， data conversion module(for transforming data)， data correlation module(for linking and storing data) and data utilization module(for using data). In the future， the research and practice of semantic MOOC should be promoted from aspects of resource construction， local experiment and technology transfer. In the process of advancing Semantic MOOC， it should positively cope with the challenges， such as problems of intellectual property rights， problems of technical development and problems of team building.