学生感知的数字化游戏挑战水平与学习注意力关系研究

The Study of the Learners’ Perception on the Relationship Between the Challenge Level and the Learning Attention in Digital Games

注意力对学生认知活动中的感知、记忆、思考等都发挥着至关重要的作用，该研究以游戏理论中“挑战”概念为核心考察了游戏开发规则和机制对注意力的影响。该研究在梳理学者对挑战认识的基础上，把游戏挑战概念分为认知挑战和躯体挑战两个构成要素，研究结果表明学生的性别和游戏经验在两种挑战类型上存在显著差异；采用回归分析发现学生感觉到的认知挑战水平与学习注意力呈现倒U型曲线关系，学生感觉到的躯体挑战水平与学习注意力呈现正U型曲线关系。这些实证研究结果提供了挑战与学习效果的关系，明确了认知挑战与躯体挑战对学生知觉任务操作产生的影响差异，这为教育游戏的挑战设计提供了理论参照。

Attention plays an important role in students’ perception， memory and thinking. This study explored the influence of game development principles and mechanisms on attention by focusing on the concept of challenge in game theory. Through reviewing related papers， this study conceptualized the concept of challenge into two components: the cognitive challenge and the physical challenge. The results not only demonstrated that there was a significant difference between students’ gender and game experience on these two challenges， but also showed that the relationship between physical challenge level and the learning attention was presented in a reversed U curve. These research results provided the relationship between the challenge and the learning outcome， and also identified the different influence that cognitive challenge and physical challenge had on perceived task， which provided a theoretical reference for the design of educational game.