杜威日本与中国之行的思想动态研究——以《杜威家书》为中心

A Study of John Dewey's Ideas during his Visits in Japan and China： Focused on His Letters from China and Japan

美国教育家杜威曾于20世纪初先后到访日本与中国，广开演讲，参观学校，与社会各界人士多有交流。 但相对而言，杜威在中国滞留时间更久，对中国抱有更深的好感，他在中国的影响也深人得多。杜威在这一时期的 家信集《杜威家书》表明，他对日本天皇制下的集权体制心存疑虑，因此不曾对其未来报以乐观的态度。相反，在中 国爆发的五四运动让杜威日益感受到中国学生和普通民众觉醒的力量，也让他看到了自己的民主理念付诸实践的 巨大可能性。这是促使他愿意长期滞留中国的深层原因。杜威这一思想转变的动态过程充满了偶然性，但与中国 近现代史的发展脉络正相吻合，也具有其必然性。

John Dewey was invited to Japan and China in the beginning of the 20th century. As a famous educationist， he gave lectures， visited schools and met celebrities in these two countries. Comparatively speaking， Dewey showed more affection to China where he stayed over two years， and has more significant influence in China. His correspondence during that time，Letters from China and Japan， shows that he was anxious about the centralization of authority led by the Emperor of Japan， and thus did not hold positive attitudes towards ts future. On the contrary， the May 4th movement makes Dewy feel the power of waken Chinese students and common people and a possibility of putting his theory of democracy into practice.This is the deep reason why Dewey changed his impression of China and became willing to extend his visit there. This process was occasional； However，given the development of Chinese modern history， t was also inevitable.