理智的诚实:杜威的人格精神

Intellectual Honesty： The Spirit of John Dewey's Personality

杜威是一位具有高尚人格的哲学家和教育家。在日常生活中，杜威朴实真诚、温厚直率，他重视家庭，孝敬老人，夫妻和睦，热心慈善事业;他有高雅的艺术兴趣，通过艺术作品表达了对世界深沉的爱。作为教师的杜威，严格自律，认真负责，尊重学生，关心学生，非常关注现实社会中的真问题，将上课当作师生共同的探索；作为实验 学校校长的杜威，尊重普通教师的意见，使他们在工作中能发挥创造性。在社会政治活动中，杜威积极参与反种族 隔离的斗争，为有色人种争取民主权利；参加游行示威，为妇女争取选举权；维护正义，为普通移民的冤案辩护；顶住社会偏见，为知识分子争取自由权利；参与发起“战争非法化”运动，力争国际和平；领导“第三党”运动，参与美国 资本主义的福利化改造，改进美国的民主；领导“托洛茨基案”的调查和听证，维护国际正义。杜威既是民主思想家，又是民主的践行者，民主是杜威的生活方式。这种思想与行动的一致，正是杜威的人格精神“理智的诚实”的具体表现。

John Dewey was a philosopher and educator of noble personality. In his daily life， Dewey was a simple， honest and common man. He attached great importance to the family， was dutiful to his parents， respected his wives， and was hearted to charity. He got interested in art and expressed his deep love to the world by his art works. As a teacher， Dewey was very responsible. He respected his students and really cared about them. He was very concerned about the real problems in the great community， and regarded the lectures as an inquiry with students in class. As the director of Dewey Laboratory School， Dewey respected the common teachers options， which made them work creatively. In social-political activities， Dewey took an active part in the fight against apartheid and the strike for getting the right to vote for women. He defended the right of common immigrants， and fought to get liberal right for the intellectuals. He was the spokesman of the Outlawry of War Movement. He helped to reconstruct the U. S. A. toward a welfare state and improved American democracy by leading the Third Party Movement. He defended international justice by fading the inquiry and hearings of Trotsky Case. Dewey was not only a philosopher of democracy， but also embodied democratic thought in his action. Democracy had become the way of his life. His action was consistent with his thought， which means that intellectual honesty was the core spirit of his personality. It represents the spirit of individualism in western tradition.