整全的自我：教育视角下杜威晚期思想中的宗教观解读

A Whole Self： An Educational Review of John Dewey's Idea of Religion in His Later Works

杜威晚期宗教思想是其对早中期思想中的经验观的丰富和深人，围绕着杜威哲学中贯穿始终的理想 和现实的矛盾统一关系，他对传统制度性宗教观念做了较大的改造，提出宗教性经验是“整全的自我”形成的动态过程，是自我生命的更新中自我和一个更大的整体融为一体的包容性关系。从自我和世界的关系来理解宗教，实际上杜威对宗教的改造又回到了个性发展这一基本教育命题中。他认为，具有宗教性品质的经验的形成过程也是经验中潜在的价值和意义被激发的过程，包含了经验的受阻、真理的去蔽、基于当下的创造，自我融人更大的整体 中，从而实现自我精神生命的更新，自我和世界建立一种包容性的动态关系。杜威晚期宗教思想中的洞见对于破解当代人的心灵困境，建立一种具有教育意义的指向生命成长的交往关系有启示作用。

The idea of religion in John Dewey?s later works is a continued development of his philosophy of experience in his early and middle works. His philosophy is centered by the dynamic relationship between ideal and reality . Dewey?s concept of religion is different from the traditional idea of the institutional religion. He proposed that the religious experience is a dynamic process of developing ^a whole self”，in which self is renewed to include others into a bigger world as one. This concept of religion indicates that Dewey?s reformulation of religion goes back to the basic education theme-personality development. According to Dewey?s later works， the formation of an experience with religious quality is also a process in which potential value and significance are evoked. The process includes the encountering block of experience，realizing the potential meaning of experience， creating the new meaning in the present situation， integrating ^elf into a bigger world as one and thus renewing the spiritual life of the ^elf and building a dynamic and inclusive relationship between the self and the world. Dewey' idea of religion in his later works has implications for addressing people ?s psychological dilemma and establishing a relationship aiming at life growth and with great educational significance.