教育史研究中的总体史观与辩证法——涂尔干《教育思想的演进》的方法论意涵

Totality and Dialectics in the Prehistory of Modern Education: A Metho dological Analysis on Emile Durkheim’s L’Evolution pedagogique en France

In L'Evolution pedagogique en France， Emile Durkheim pointed out that education will be a junction unifying all the elements of civilization， including the family， society， politics， religion， etc. In the modern history， secondary education has played a definitive role on the political regimes， ethos of nationalities， and even the continuities and creations of Western civilization. From three perspectives， this article traces back the development process of secondary education in France before Louis XIV. First， from the perspective of social morphology，there are different structural conditions and organizational mechanisms in the different periods of modem education. Second， from the perspective of dialectical movement of history， the historical changes and creations are derived from their inner contradictional relationships and conversions among different periods. Last， from the perspective of constitutions and transformations of civilization，the education is essentially redefinition and interpretation of classical texts.