兩岸中央主管技職教育行政組織職掌之比較與啟示   免費試閱

Comparison and Enlightenment of Organization and Responsibilities of the Cross-strait Central Competent Technical and Vocational Education Administrative Section

臺灣的技職教育是大陸教育界有興趣的主題，而大陸近幾年的經濟崛起，各級各類技術人才需求大增，對技職教育的發展至為殷切，2011年在其教育部成立職業教育與成人教育司。對照我國1968年設立專科職業教育司，1973年改為技術及職業教育司，兩岸中央成立的技職教育行政組織有何異同？對我國有何啟示？為本研究探討之旨趣。本研究比較兩岸中央技職教育行政組織職掌，歸納結論：一、兩岸都重視技職教育發展，且於中央皆設有技職教育行政主管單位；二、臺灣較重視高等及中等技職教育，大陸則較兼顧多元性；三、臺灣強調升學性的技職教育機制，大陸結合成人繼續教育發展；四、臺灣強調課程自主，大陸設教學與教材處；五、臺灣技職與普通師資養成分開，大陸設師資處管理；六、臺灣採融入式德育養成，大陸設德育工作與職業指導處。本研究之啟示：一、檢討技職教育行政權責，強化中等技職教育的監督管理；二、藉教育部組織再造，賦予技職教育行政組織更明確的職掌；三、配合十二年國教的推展，賦予技職教育行政統籌適性輔導；四、技職教育行政掌管技職師資，以強化師資實務經驗；五、重視職場的功能，使理論與實務結合。

Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) in Taiwan is an interesting topic to Mainland China. With the economic rise of Mainland in recent years, there are more and more talents on demand for all levels, and so eager to develop TVE that set up Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education in Ministry of Education in 2011. Our Department of Vocational and Junior College Education set up in 1968 and restructured into Department of Technical and Vocational Education in 1973, what the difference is between Cross-strait centrals in TVE administrative organizations and the enlightenment is the purport of exploration for this article. The article compares the organization and responsibilities of the Cross-strait TVE Administrative Section and conclusions: 1. Both sides attach great importance to the development of TVE and set up administrative institute; 2. Taiwan attaches more importance to high school and vocational education, and Mainland gives more diversification; 3. Taiwan emphasizes on TVE mechanism for further studies, and Mainland combines adults' further education; 4. Taiwan emphasizes on independent courses, and Mainland sets up teaching and material section; 5. System of teacher training are separate in Taiwan, and Mainland sets up teacher section for management; 6. Taiwan adopts infusion development of moral education, and Mainland sets up section for moral education and vocational guidance. The enlightenment of this article: 1. To review responsibilities of TVE administration and enhance supervision and management of middle vocational education; 2. To give the organization of TVE administrative section clearer responsibilities; 3. To comply with the promotion of 12-year compulsory education and give TVE administrative section co-ordinate counseling; 4. TVE administrative section controls technical and vocational teachers to enhance teachers' practical experiences; 5. To attach great importance to the function of workplaces and then combine theory and practice.