中国高等教育资源配置转型程度指标体系研究 ——以中国高等教育学术治理变迁为例

Study on Index System for the Degree of Transformation in China's Higher Education Resource Allocation：The Case of Academic Governance Evolution

改革开放以来，特别是1992年确立了社会主义市场经济体制框架后，我国高等教育资源配置方式开始向适应市场经济体制改革的方向转变，其显著特点表现为高等教育资源不断由中央集中计划配置转向受市场约束的分散性配置的方向过渡。学术治理作为高等教育资源配置的一部分也具有这个特点。从宏观角度来看，我国高等教育学术治理变迁始终受到传统制度安排和外部社会大背景的影响。因此，研究中国高等教育学术治理的变迁必须放在整个经济社会转型的格局之中进行考虑，既要考虑初始状况，也要从历史分析的角度考虑模型的起点格局和演变过程，及其为制度变迁设定的可能演变路径。

Since reform and opening up， especially since 1992 when the framework of socialist market economic system was established， resource allocation of Chinese higher education has undergone evolution to keep up with the market economic system reform. In spite of complex situations occurred during the process， the outstanding feature of this evolution is that resources for higher education continue to shift from the centrally planned allocation to distributed allocation constrained by the market. Academic governance as part of higher education resources allocation is also featured with this tendency. From a macro point of view， changes in academic governance of Chinese higher education have been affected by two factors: one is the traditional institutional arrangement; the other is the social environment. Therefore， changes in academic governance of Chinese higher education must be studied against the background of entire economic and social transformation by considering the initial conditions， the starting point and the evolution process of the model， as well as conceiving of a potential path for institutional change from the historical perspective.