十二年國教生涯輔導的另一種可能性：以英國中學職場體驗為例

An Alternative Possibility for Career Guidance in the 12- Year National Education System: A Study of Workplace Experience in UK Secondary Schools

本研究探討在英國中學生涯輔導中職場體驗的應用和有效性。在VUCA時代，職場體驗對學生的職業探索變得愈來愈重要。英國政府根據蓋茲比基準（Gatsby Benchmarks）建立了系統性的國家生涯輔導政策，強調需要在中學教育期間開始職場體驗。據此，本文首先詳細介紹蓋茲比基準的內容，並提出有效實施的重要原則，包括融入學校規劃、以學生為中心、符合發展階段適當的活動設計、個性化計劃，以及確保多樣性和實用性。其次，探討如何尋找及加強雇主參與，並分析了生涯專員（careers leader）、生涯與企業組織（Careers and Enterprise Company, CEC）及企業顧問（Enterprise Adviser, EA）在促進職場體驗中的角色。最後，討論英國經驗對臺灣教育的啟示，強調建立國家層級協調平台的重要性，以及在不同年齡階段、不同類型學校安排層次分明的職場體驗活動，並重視體驗過程中「意義」的獲得及弱勢群體。

This study explores the application and effectiveness of workplace experiences in career guidance for UK secondary schools. In the VUCA era, workplace experiences have become increasingly important for students’ career exploration. The UK government has established systematic national career guidance policies based on the Gatsby Benchmarks, emphasizing the need to start workplace experiences during secondary education. This paper details the content of the Gatsby Benchmarks and proposes key principles for effective implementation, including integration into school planning, a student-centered approach, stage-appropriate activity design, individualized plans, and ensuring diversity and practicality. It also examines how to seek and enhance employer engagement and analyzes the roles of careers leaders, the Careers and Enterprise Company (CEC), and Enterprise Advisers (EAs) in promoting workplace experiences. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of the UK experience for Taiwanese education, emphasizing the importance of establishing national level coordination platforms, structured workplace experiences across different age groups and school types, and focusing on the significance and benefits for disadvantaged groups.