臺灣教保服務人員師資培育與職場供需失衡：來自國際勞動經濟學的啟示

Preparation and Imbalance of Taiwan’s Preschool Workforce: Insights From International Labor Economics

本研究旨在探討臺灣教保服務人員師資培育與職場人力供需失衡問題。少子女化導致相關科系招生困難，而公共化與準公共化政策則急遽擴增托育名額，短期內推升對人力的需求，進一步加劇人力缺口。另一方面，教保人員長期面臨薪資偏低、工時過長、專業認同不足與職涯發展有限等「四高三低」困境，造成留任率低與人力流失。本文結合國際文獻，分析勞動供給彈性、保留工資與薪資政策對人力供需的影響，並指出提高薪資不僅能增加勞動供給與降低流動率，亦能帶來廣泛的社會與經濟效益。最後提出政策建議，包括：優化師生比、提升薪資待遇、強化專業認同，以及精準化循證決策之相關面向，藉以建構永續的教保人力體系。

This study investigates the mismatch between the training and labor market demand of preschool workforce in Taiwan. The findings reveal that declining fertility rates have undermined enrollment in preschool educator training programs, while the rapid expansion of public and quasi-public childcare under recent policy reforms has sharply increased short-term demand for preschool staff. At the same time, preschool educators continue to face the “four highs and three lows” dilemma– long working hours, high stress, high risks, and high emotional demands, combined with low pay, low professional recognition, and limited career development– leading to high attrition rates and labor shortages. Drawing on international evidence, this paper discusses the labor supply elasticity and reservation wages of the preschool workforce, demonstrating that wage increases can expand labor supply, reduce turnover, and generate broader social and economic benefits. Policy recommendations include optimizing teacher-child ratios, enhancing salaries and benefits, strengthening professional recognition, and refining evidence-based policymaking to ensure a sustainable and high-quality preschool workforce.