從玻璃天花板到迷宮：高等教育女性領導者的困境與突破

From Glass Ceiling to Labyrinth: Challenges and Breakthroughs in Women’s eadership in Higher Education

研究發現，即使女性能夠通過聘任和升等程序而取得正教授職位，在職場中仍可能繼續面臨各種性別偏見的挑戰。因為僅提高女性教授人數並不足以改變大學的組織文化，真正重要的關鍵因素是居領導職位的女性須具有代表性。為了解臺灣高等教育領導者的性別分布情形，同時釐清女性領導者代表性不足的問題成因與改善策略，本文透過國內外文獻的整理和分析，除論述「玻璃天花板」和「領導力迷宮」等職場中女性晉升之路經常遇到的困境之外，並進一步分析形成這些障礙的可能原因。最後則以日本東京大學近年推動的性別平等計畫為例，說明改善高等教育性別失衡現況的可行策略，期能提供臺灣各大學校院規劃相關方案時參考。

Even when women attain full professorships through appointment and promotion processes, they may still face various challenges stemming from gender bias in the workplace. Simply increasing the number of female professors is not sufficient to transform the organizational culture of universities; the truly critical factor lies in ensuring that women in leadership positions are genuinely representative. To understand the gender distribution of leadership in Taiwan’s higher education institutions and to clarify the causes of the underrepresentation of female leaders and potential strategies for improvement, this article reviews both domestic and international literature. In addition to discussing common workplace obstacles faced by women on their path to advancement– such as the “glass ceiling” and the “leadership labyrinth”– the article further analyzes the underlying causes of these barriers. Finally, it uses the recent gender equality initiatives promoted by the University of Tokyo in Japan as a case study to illustrate feasible strategies for improving the current situation, offering a reference for universities in Taiwan as they plan similar initiatives.