幼兒家長本土語言政策之調查研究

A Survey of Native Language Policy of Parents of Preschool Children

本研究旨在探討幼兒家長在家庭中使用本土語言的現況，以及家長在本土語言信念、本土語言管理與本土語言實踐三者之間的關係。研究者自編「幼兒家長本土語言政策問卷」，以桃園市幼兒園家長為調查研究對象，共取得700份有效樣本。研究資料透過變異數分析、集群分析及偏最小平方法（Partial Least Squares, PLS）進行統計分析。研究結果歸納如下：一、整體而言，幼兒家長對本土語言的看法普遍為正向肯定，然實際在家庭中使用本土語言以及維持本土語言環境的行動卻不足。二、不同本土語言能力及家庭型態的家長，在本土語言信念、管理與實踐面向具有顯著差異。三、依據本土語言、管理與實踐的現況，本研究將幼兒家長分為「弱本土語言政策型」、「中本土語言政策型」及「強本土語言政策型」三類集群，結果顯示，年輕世代的家長較傾向屬於「弱本土語言政策型」。四、路徑分析顯示，幼兒家長本土語言信念對本土語言管理及實踐有直接影響力，本土語言管理對本土語言實踐亦具正向影響，家長的信念和管理策略對於提升家庭本土語言的使用有關鍵作用。

This study aims to explore the current state of native language use in families of young children and examine the relationships among parents’ beliefs about native languages, their management of native language use, and their practices in the home. The researcher developed the “Parental Native Language Policy Questionnaire” and surveyed parents of children attending preschools in Taoyuan City, collecting a total of 700 valid responses. The data were analyzed using variance analysis, cluster analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) statistical methods. The findings are summarized as follows: 1. Parents generally hold positive views toward native languages. However, actual use of native languages in the family and actions to maintain a native language environment are insufficient. 2. Parents with different levels of native language proficiency and family structures show significant differences in their beliefs, management, and practices related to native language use. 3. Based on the status of their beliefs, management, and practices, parents were categorized into three clusters: “Weak Native Language Policy,” “Moderate Native Language Policy,” and “Strong Native Language Policy.” The results indicate that younger generations of parents are more likely to fall into the “Weak Native Language Policy” cluster. 4. The path analysis reveals that parents’ beliefs about native languages directly influence their management and practices. Additionally, local language management positively affects local language practices. This highlights the critical role of parental beliefs and management strategies in promoting the use of native languages within families.