J. Bruner有關兒童心智發展的觀點分析及其教育意涵

Analysis of J. Bruner’s Perspectives on Children's Cognitive Development and Their Educational Implications

本文以J. Bruner有關兒童心智發展的觀點，進行分析並探討其教育意涵。研究採取文獻分析法，蒐集Bruner在兒童心智方面的著作、論文、自傳以及個人所編選的自選集，並以其在知覺、學習、直覺思維、敘事、遊戲、鷹架等方面的文獻為核心，深入探究。研究指出，個人的心智模式會隨其經驗而擴展。其次，心智會受到個體所置身的社會文化影響，進而建構自己的知識與理解。為促進心智發展，可以鼓勵運用演繹、歸納等方法，並經由成效的驗證來精進其知識結構，提升其直覺能力。最後，敘事和遊戲有利於兒童統整知識經驗，磨練技能，發揮創意，從而建構個人的世界模式。

This paper analyzes J. Bruner's perspectives on children's cognitive development and explores their educational implications. Employing a literature review methodology, the study collected Bruner's works, papers, autobiography, and personally curated anthologies on child cognition. It conducted an in-depth investigation centered on his writings concerning perception, learning, intuitive thinking, narrative, play, and scaffolding. The research indicates that an individual's mental models expand with experience. Furthermore, the mind is shaped by the sociocultural context in which the individual is embedded, thereby constructing their knowledge and understanding. To promote cognitive development, individuals can be encouraged to employ methods such as deduction and induction. Through the validation of outcomes, they can refine their knowledge structures and enhance their intuitive abilities. Finally, narrative and play facilitate children's integration of knowledge and experience, hone their skills, unleash creativity, and thereby construct their personal world models.