美国研究生教育发展中的若干关键问题

Study on the Key Issues Concerning Graduate Education in the United States

美国虽然不是世界上最先发展研究生教育的国家，但却是20世纪以来研究生教育最为发达的国家。从19世纪中期现代研究生教育在国内落地生根开始，美国就在业内讨论发展研究生教育的目的，并很快得到各大学的认同及长期落实；在确定目标的基础上，美国大学成为研究生教育发展的主体，它们从理想和现实层面落实研究生教育的目标；与研究生教育相关的其它利益群体，也从维护自身利益出发，积极参与大学关于研究生教育发展方向的讨论。有目标、有行动、有监督的美国研究生教育体系很快就得到了社会各界的认可，并成为世界研究生教育发展的典范。

Not being the first country to develop graduate education， the United States is the place where graduate education became flourishing， as well as the dream country for international students to pursue a doctoral degree. Since the very beginning， some key issues concerning graduate education have been discussed all the time and consensuses have been reached to a large extent. Guided by clear goals， led by the first-class universities， together with other stakeholders' effective effort， the U.S. graduate education model is regarded as the most effective system in the world.