德国的博洛尼亚改革与高等教育学制与学位结构变迁

Bologna Reform and the Transition of Study Structure and Degrees System of German Higher Education

经过十年来的博洛尼亚改革，德国在2009/2010冬季学期已有79.2%的专业采用了颁发学士/硕士学位的新学制。也就是说，颁发新型学位的专业已经在很大程度上取代了颁发传统学位的专业。不过，在新型学士/硕士专业注册的学生人数目前仅占全部学生人数的42.9%。这表明，博洛尼亚进程虽然改变了德国传统的学制与学位结构，但在德国尚未实现其预定的目标。传统与新型学制和学位的并存是当前德国高等教育体制的一个突出特点。此外，当前改革中出现的一些问题也令德国对博洛尼亚改革的改革变得必要。

After 10 years of Bologna Reform， 79.2% of degree programmes in German higher education institutions have adapted the two-cycle-structure with Bachelor/Master in the winter semester of the school year 2009-2010. That is to say， programmes offering new types of degrees have already replaced traditional degree programmes to a large extent. However， in winter semester 2008/2009， the students enrolled in BA/MA programmes accounted for only 42.9% of all enrolled students in German higher education institutions. It is showed that the Bologna Process has not achieved its intended goals in Germany， though the traditional study and degree structure has been changed. The coexistence of traditional and new study and degree structures characterizes and will continue to characterize German higher education landscape in the near future. Due to the existing problems， a reform of the Bologna Reform is now necessary in Germany.