20世纪20年代末清华大学工程系裁撤风波考析

Examination of the Historical Case of Dismissing and Repealing the Engineering Department of Tsinghua University in 1920’s

1928年8月国民政府大学院接管北平各大学院校，由于清华的特殊历史背景，大学院与外交部达成妥协，组建新的董事会形成共同管辖格局，但事实上外交部主导了清华的控制权。同年11月因董事会会议议决裁撤工程系引发风波，这场风波成为清华师生反对董事会专权的“改隶废董”运动的触媒之一。在风波中，代表大学院方(教育部)校长罗家伦借势清华师生的力量最终赢得清华管辖权争夺的胜利，结束了清华大学由教、外两部共管的局面，但也使罗和清华师生之间出现裂痕。工程系裁撤实质上是罗家伦建设“文、理”为中心的“新清华”办学理念的体观。罗家伦以革命的方式，希图以德国大学的理念改造深受美国大学传统影响的清华大学，重视“变”忽视“常”，最终的去职也与此有关。剖析工程系裁撤风波，为理解中国大学成长的特殊性和搜寻大学改革的路径提供了有益启示。

Since the National Great Academy took charge of all the universities in Peking city in August， 1928， the National Great Academy negotiated with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and both sides finally compromised to set up new board jointly administrating the Tsinghua University. However， it was the Ministry of Foreign Affairs which actually took the control of Tsinghua University. In later November， the Directorate board made the decision to dismiss and repeal the Engineering Department， which spurred the movement of the changing the bond slave and abolishing the Board. During the incident， the President Luo Jialun， on behalf of the National Great Academy (The Ministry of Education) took over the power of ruling Tsinghua University under the support of teachers and students. This ended the co-managing situation at Tsinghua. As a matter of fact， the dismissing and repealing the Engineering Department at Tsinghua was the embodiment of President Luo Jialun’s “New Tsinghua” proposition which put the Arts and the Science disciplines as the priority in the university development agenda. Adopting the model of Germany Universities， President Luo tried to rebuild and transform the Tsinghua University from the American university model. President Luo’s final dismissal had something to do with his reform. Analyzing the incident of dismissing and repealing the Engineering Department， this paper offers a better understanding about what the unique characteristics of Chinese universities’ development are and how to reform Chinese universities.