教育国家主义与世界科学格局的变动─以20世纪前20年诺贝尔科学奖金获得者为例的考察

Educational nationalism and the alternation of international scientific pattern

诺贝尔科学奖金是衡量各国和各组织的科学教育与科学研究水平的重要尺度。20世纪前20年诺贝尔科学奖金数的分布情况，反映出19世纪末20世纪初世界科技发展中心从英国向德国转移的明显趋势。德英两国大学对科学教育与科学研究重视程度的显著差异，以及两国政府对教育国家主义的不同践行，导致德英两国科学教育和科学研究水平的升降，并最终引起世界科技发展中心的易位和科技基本格局的变动。

Nobel Prize in science is an important scale to measure the scientific education and research among the different countries and different academic organizations. Nobel Prize during 1901-1920 made it clear that the England as the international scientific centre had been displaced by the Germany. The scientific education and research attracted more attention in Germany than England provides part explanations. Furthermore， that educational nationalism as a policy was carried out actively in Germany is another important reason.