美国建国初期国立大学的理念及其失败(1786 —1796)

The Idea of a National University and Its Failure in the Early Days of the United States (1786-1796)

美国虽从未建立一所国立大学，但是在建国之初就有过对国立大学的憧憬和努力。本文主要梳理了美国从建国到十八世纪末国立大学理念发展的历史，并围绕1796年联邦众议院对国立大学计划进行了第一次也是唯一一次的辩论来分析国立大学计划不被通过的原因，并探讨这一时期国立大学理念的发展以及最后的失败在美国高等教育史上的意义。

Although a National University was never established in the history of the United States， it had been looked forward to and strived for in the early days of the country. This paper summarizes the history of the idea of a National University from the founding of the United States to the end of the eighteenth century. It analyzes why the plan for a National University was not passed in the Federal House of Representatives in 1796 for the first and only time it was debated， and then explores the significance of the concept of a National University and the implications of its failure in the history of American higher education.