学术不端行为的经济逻辑

The Economic Logic Behind Academic Misconduct

学术研究是一种专业化的知识生产行为。在知识生产过程中，众多的个人和机构构成了学术活动的行为主体，并进而形成了不断发展的学术市场。由于学术行为主体的职业化和组织化，知识产品的不断积累及其商品化，尤其是“学术资本主义”的迅速发展，学术市场竞争日益激烈并呈现层级化和领地化倾向。规范作为一种约定，是维护学术市场秩序的一项制度安排，用以对学术行为进行恰当的约束。然而，擅于算计的经济理性人出于对个人效用最大化的追求，在权衡成本与收益的基础上选择违反规范，从而产生了学术不端。因而，在学术道德与良知层面进行谴责与批判的同时，探寻行为背后的经济逻辑或许能够为问题的解决提供某种新的启示。

Academic research is a specialized behavior of knowledge production. In the process of knowledge production, individuals and institutions compose the principal actors of academic activity , and then form a continuously developing academic market. With the professionalization and systematization of academic behavior, the accumulation of knowledge and its commercialization, and especially the rapid development of " academic capitalism", the academic market has become more and more competitive, with a tendency of stratification and deterritorialization. As market convention, norm is a kind of institutional arrangement to uphold the academic market order, by ensuring the individuals' appropriate academic behavior. However, based on the economic rationality by calculating costs and benefits, rational people tend to violate norms to pursue the maximization of personal utility. Thus, while criticizing academic misconduct from the perspective of morality and conscience, it could provide some new insights to the solution of the problem to explore the economic logic behind the behavior.