人文社會科學教育政策發展的國際趨勢：借鏡澳洲之人文社會教育改革

International Trend of Humanity and Social Sciences Educational Policy Development: Taking Australian Humanity and Social Sciences Educational Reform as an Example

2008年金融危機時，全球人文社會科學領域的學生面臨就業上的劣勢，又近年來全球的高等教育受到網路科技興起、Z世代不同的價值觀，以及學習模式的影響，促使許多國家特別進行人文社會教育的改革。本研究介紹澳洲政府基於市場機制所推動的教育改革方案，除了三項鮮明的高等教育變革策略思維，包含國際特色、高品質教育與務實導向之外，最引起爭議的是澳洲政府於2020年6月公布自2021年起降低「適合就業」學系的學費，如工農數理、教育、資訊、衛生護理等，降幅為20%～62%；而人文相關學系的學費則調漲113%，法律與商學系調漲28%，希望以學費引導學生選讀容易就業的科系，然而初步效果並不明顯。本研究同時探討澳洲三所指標型大學──澳洲國立大學、墨爾本大學與昆士蘭大學──為了培育能符合未來社會需求之人文社會科學領域人才所做的改變。最後，提出對臺灣高等教育改革的建議。

Students majored in humanity and social sciences faced job disadvantages in 2008 financial crisis. Furthermore, internet technology, different values and learning pattern of the Z generation have prompted especially humanity and social sciences educational reform world widely. This paper introduces the educational reform of Australia, which is based on the market system. Its three distinctive strategies are international feature, high quality and practical orientation. What aroused the most debate is the tuition reduction, ranging from 20%-62% for the pro-job majors, such as engineering, agriculture, education, information and healthcare. Whereas, tuition of humanity majors hikes 113%, that of laws and business rises 28%. However, its attempt to redirect students’ majors led to little effect so far. This study also investigates how Australian National University, University of Melbourne and University of Queensland conducted their humanity and social sciences education in order to cultivate talents that meet the future needs. Finally, this paper proposed some suggestions for educational reform in Taiwan.