美國人文社會領域教育的發展與改革趨勢研究

Development and Reform Trend of Humanities and Social Sciences Education in the United States

人文社會學科提供的知識並不如理工學科的具體思維，而是偏向抽象能力的概念，如何習得並運用是一大挑戰，因此，人文社會科學常受到「無用性」的質疑。然而，美國許多指標性大學看到了人文社會學科的意義，紛紛將焦點重新放在人文社會學科身上，陸續推出改革方案，主張解決人類的問題，不應只是自然科學學科獨放異彩，應讓人文社會學科與之相結合，為人類社會做出更大的貢獻。

本研究首先探究國內外人文社會領域學科的意義論辯，進而以美國近年來指標性大學的改革方案為研究個案，剖析美國指標性大學人文社會領域學科的改革趨勢，以及相應所推動的人文社會領域改革計畫之具體方案。綜合美國指標性大學的改革方案，研究者歸納出四個面向：探討人文社會領域的人才圖像、培養解決真實問題的能力、課程創新方案，以及教學創新方案。

The humanities and social sciences (HSS) field of knowledge is not as concrete as that of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics field. Recognizing the significance and value of HSS, iconic universities in the United States, have shifted their focus back to HSS and put forth reforms accordingly. These universities advocate that natural sciences should not be the only solution to human problems and that the combination of natural science and HSS can have greater contributions to the human society.

The study investigated the significance of and arguments related to HSS and, with case studies on HSS curricular reform programs in iconic US universities, delved into challenges facing the US HSS field, the trend of curricular reforms in iconic US universities, and concrete measures taken in response to said reforms. Based on the reform plan of iconic universities in the United States, the author summarizes the following four aspects, namely: exploring the talent image of HSS, cultivating the ability of problem solving, curriculum and teaching innovation. It is hoped that through the analysis of the trend of HSS reform in the United States, domestic universities can refer to and inspire students to prepare them for the future world.