福利補助對中小學生學習成就的影響：經濟弱勢與特殊身分的不同效果評估

The Effect of Welfare Subsidies on the Learning Achievements of Elementary and Secondary School Students: Evaluation of the Different Effects of Economic Weakness and Special Status

藉由福利補助的給予，及早對弱勢與不利家庭子女採取積極的協助及介入，以讓孩子在教育的取得與結果上能更加成功，為政府實踐教育公平與社會正義的重要作為。在歷史時空環境的變遷下，臺灣社會原先設定的額外補助對象，其職業與身分可能未必符合社會弱勢的資格，因此，福利補助的領取到底對教育公平落實作用為何，實有再檢視之必要。基於上述，本研究以自編問卷方式，於2018年針對臺灣地區國小五年級與國中二年級學生及其家長進行資料的蒐集，並且以描述性統計與階層迴歸分析探究福利補助類別對學生學習成就取得的影響機制，進而檢視補助政策的效用。本研究結果顯示，在國中教育階段領取原住民補助家庭的子女，可提供給子女的教育資源少，因而學校成績仍明顯落後於其他未領取該項補助的學生。其次，在國中小教育階段領取經濟弱勢補助家庭的子女，因其參與學科補習時間明顯較少，因此造成他們的學校成績還是落後於未領取該項補助的學生。不過，在國中小教育階段領取軍公教補助家庭的子女則在成績表現上明顯優於未領該補助之家庭。

Providing active assistance and interventions for disadvantaged children is one of the government’s major practices to achieve educational equality and social justice. In particular, welfare subsidies are given to assist children toward their successful education. However, the question lies in the effects of these subsidies as subsidy beneficiaries may not qualify as socially disadvantaged with the change of times. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine the effects of these subsidies on educational equality. A questionnaire made by the researcher was used. The participants included fifth and eighth-grade students and their parents. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression were used to explore the effects of welfare subsidy on students learning and examine the effects of subsidy policies. The results show that students of families who received indigenous subsidies at secondary education have fewer educational resources, so that the performance of these children even remains significantly behind other non-beneficiary students. In addition, students from economically disadvantaged families who received subsidies at primary and secondary education have significantly less time to participate in subject tuition, resulting in their school performance lagging behind non beneficiary students. However, students from families who received government subsidies performed significantly better than those who did not.