中國大陸課後托育的問題與政策（2003-2020）

After-school Childcare Policy Reform in Mainland China（2003-2020）

課後托育政策是近年來世界各國都非常重視的課題，本研究的目的在了解中國大陸2003年至2020年課後托育的問題、政策內容與影響。 經文獻分析與訪談發現，課後托育的問題主要有「學校課後服務缺乏明確資源支援」、「學校師資負擔過重」、「營利式托育缺乏管理」、「托育環境與師資素質參差不齊」、「托育內容以學科教學為主」、「學校式托育將影響低端營利式托育，但階層化結構不變」、等六個問題。 自2003年中國公告一系列禁止學校收費的規定後，中央與地方又對中小學生課後服務工作發佈了許多指導意見，歸納出此階段課後托育因受影響而有「地方政府整合資源辦理學校式課後托育」、「營利式課後托育全方位合一」、「課後托育營運流程標準化與制度化」三大走向。

 

In recent years, many countries in the world have attached great importance to the policy of after-school childcare. The purposes of this study was : (1) to discover the problems of the after-school childcare in Mainland China; (2) to understand the content of after-school childcare policies in Mainland China; (3) to explore the impact of after-school childcare policies in Mainland China. After literature review and interviews, the main findings of the after-school childcare indicate six problems, namely, “lack of clear resource support for after-school services”, “heavy burden for school teachers”, “lack of management to for-profit childcare service”, “uneven childcare environment and teachers resources”, “the content of childcare is based on subject teaching” , and “school-type after-school childcare will affect low-end for-profit after-school childcare, but the hierarchical structure will remain unchanged”. Since China announced a series of regulations prohibiting school fees in 2003, the central and local governments have issued many guidelines on the after-school services for primary and secondary school students. Three development trends are summarized, namely, “local government integrates resources to handle school-style after-school childcare”, “for-profit after-school childcare will be integrated in all aspects"", and “after-school childcare is expected to be standardized and institutionalized”.