怎样提高中学历史教材语言表述水平－以古代历史撰述为借鉴

How to Improve the Level of Language Expression in History Textbooks for Secondary Schools: Reference to Historical Writing in Ancient China

学习、借鉴和发展中国古代历史撰述的优良传统对提高当今中学历史教材语言表述水平具有重要的意义。中学历史教材编写者首先应提高史学修养，发扬古之良史据事直书的求真精神，学习传统史学注重史识的优良传统，吸收古代史书史论的丰富遗产，学习和发展古代历史撰述在遣词造句和编次组织上的优良文风和叙事技巧，做到真实、正确、恰当地表述历史，使中学历史教材语言表述更确切；同时注重使用传统史学“尚简”笔法，如剪除重复、去掉浮词的做法和“寓论断于序事”的表述方式，使中学历史教材语言表述更凝练；在确切和凝练基础之上还要重视和借鉴古代历史撰述文史结合的传统，学习历史著作重视有意义细节描写、采用“互见法”组织材料、叙述通俗等写作特点，采用多样化的表现手法使中学历史教材语言表述更生动。

It is of great significance to refer to the fine tradition of historical writing in ancient China to improve the language expression in history textbooks for secondary schools. Current textbooks compilers should improve self cultivation in history, carry on the spirit of historical writing based on facts in ancient China, follow the tradition of focusing on historical insight, absorb the rich legacy of historical remarks and learn the writing styles and narrative techniques in terms of wording and phrasing and organizing. By doing so, the compliers can accurately and precisely record history on the basis of facts and improve the language preciseness in textbook. Meanwhile, they should learn the writing technique of “advocating simplicity” in traditional historiography, such as to delete the repetitive and rhetorical words and to avoid “embedding remarks into narration”, in order to simplify the language expression in textbooks. Last but not the least, the compliers should also play attention to and refer to the tradition of combining literature and history, learn emphasizing the description of meanwhile details, adopt the techniques of organizing materials in mutual-reflection way and narrating in an easy-to-understanding way, and use diversified techniques to make the language expression in textbooks more vivid.