國家的幸福感評比：高等教育在學率、國民所得與客觀幸福表現之倒U形關係分析

Rank of National Well-Being: Analysis of the Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Higher Education Enrolment Rate, National Income and Well-Being

本研究由聯合國開發計畫署與自由之家蒐集資料，建構133個國家的客觀幸福表現指數與評比，探討國民所得、高等教育在學率與客觀幸福表現之關係，獲得結論：（一）133個國家的客觀幸福表現前五名依序是瑞士、挪威、德國、奧地利及馬爾他；台灣排在第24位；最後五名為加彭、辛巴威、盧安達、蘇丹及莫三比克。（二）133個國家的高等教育在學率與國民健康狀況、沒有自殺比率及客觀幸福表現呈現倒U形關係；而國民所得與政治民主化程度、國民健康狀況及客觀幸福表現呈倒U形關係。（三）國家的高等教育在學率達到78.5%時，客觀幸福表現最佳，超過78.5%時則會下降；各國國民所得達到79,700美元時，客觀幸福表現最佳，之後若持續增加則會下降。本研究貢獻在於建構客觀幸福表現指數，以及各國的高等教育在學率、國民所得與客觀幸福表現都有倒U形的關係。

This research collected data from the United Nations Development Programme and Freedom House, constructed the objective well-being performance index and appraisal of each country, and explored the relationship between national income, higher education enrollment rate and objective wellbeing performance in 133 countries. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. The top five objective well-being performances of 133 countries were Switzerland, Norway, Germany, Austria and Malta; Taiwan ranked 24th; the last five were Gabon, Zimbabwe, Ruanda, Sudan and Mozambique. 2. The enrollment rate of higher education in 133 countries had an inverted U-shaped relationship with national health, no suicide rate, and objective well-being; and the relationship between national income and the degree of democracy, national health and objective well-being also had an inverted U-shaped relationship. 3. The enrollment rate of higher education in 133 countries was 78.5%, and the objective well-being performance was the best, exceeding 78.5%, and the overall objective well-being performance has declined. With a national income of 79,700 US Dollars, the objective well-being performance was the best, and the objective well-being performance will decline when the national income was subsequently increased. The contribution of this research was to construct an objective well-being performance index, ranked 133 countries, and found that the higher education enrollment rate of each country had an inverted U-shaped relationship with income and objective well-being performance.