制度的基石、保障与功能－中美大学生实习比较及对就业的启示

Reflections on Comparison of Sino-US College Internships: Foundations, Organization and Functions

在中国大学生就业竞争和就业压力日益增大的背景下，实习似乎正在成为大学生增强就业资本的一个必然选择。美国大学本科生参加与专业学习相关的实践工作已经有百余年的历史，美国大学关于实习的理念、制度与实践在不断地完善和创新。本文旨在通过深入介绍美国大学实习制度的价值观念、制度设计、组织实践、成效测量等趋势以及目前存在的问题和挑战，为我国大学实习问题的研究、政策制定提供借鉴资料。

As competition of job opportunities for college graduates has dramatically increased, internships are becoming a crucial approach to add personal competencies. Undergraduate students in the U.S. have participated in practical experiences related to their studies for at least on hundred years. This paper mainly introduced the foundation of two historical trends in American higher education that internships rest on, as well as the organization and assessment of internships. At last, this paper discussed what lessons Chinese colleges and universities can learn from their U.S. counterparts.