教育的“技术”发展史

The Outline of Education History: The Media Technology Perspective

本文在媒介技术史和教育史的基础上，提出一个教育的“技术”发展史的分析框架，试图在历史发展的脉络中寻找“技术”影响教育发展的规律，解读“信息技术对教育发展的革命性影响”。本文首先提出从符号、载体、复制方式和传播特征等四个方面来界定一种“媒介技术”。其次，利用这个四维度的“媒介技术”定义，分析了人类媒介发展的五个历史阶段－口传、手工抄写、印刷、电子传播和数字传播。第三，在教育史和媒介发展史提供的大量历史证据基础上，提出了一个教育的“技术”发展史的分析框架。教育的“技术”发展史提示我们，一种“新媒介”技术的出现改变了人类记录和表达“事实”的方式，并进而引起了学术探索和教育传播的变革。

Education is the transmission process of human experience and wisdom in a longitudinal dimension. Without media, instruction will not happen. Media, the new or the traditional, can be defined by a symbol system, a carrier, a replication of content, and the character of one-way and two-way deliver. Looking back to the education history, each “new media”, included the oral Chant, papyrus, Printing Press, Radio/Television and Internet, changed the system of recording, collecting, delivering and publishing human observations, wisdom and knowledge at first; and then, restructured the structure of education communication; and finally changed the whole education system.