美国公立中小学校搜查学生权及其法理分析——以New Jersey v. T.L.O案为中心

The power of American elementary and secondary public schools to search student and its Jurisprudential Analysis——Focusing on New Jersey v. T.L.O case

New Jersey v. T.L.O案是美国公立中小学校搜查学生的经典判例。该判例赋予了公立中小学校搜查学生的权力。只要在“合理怀疑”的基础上，学校就可以对学生进行符合“比例”原则的“无证”搜查。基于学生对所使用的学校设备与财产、私人物品、人身具有不同程度的合理的隐私期待，学校对这三类对象拥有不同范围、不同程度的搜查权。

New Jersey v. T.L.O case is the classical precedent about the American elementary and secondary public school to search student. The precedent gives public schools the power to search students. Provided they have ‘reasonable suspicion’, they can carry out ‘warrantless’ searches to students that conform to the proportionality principle. In view of students with different degrees of reasonable privacy expectation on the equipment and property provided by school, personal goods, and person, the school has different search powers to them.