國際研究生的社會與文化參與模式：以匹茲堡大學為例的個案研究   免費試閱

Social and Cultural Participation Patterns among International Graduate Students: A Case Study of the University of Pittsburgh

本文以位於美東地區一所大學中特定國籍的國際碩博士生為研究對象，探討其在社會與文化活動上的參與模式。根據248位線上問卷調查回應者，以及42位面對面受訪者所得到的資料，作者將國際生參與模式區分為社交性參與、文化與藝術性參與以及公民投入三類，並且分析可能影響該模式的因素。此研究結果不但呼應文獻中提出影響國際學生在社會與文化參與的原因，例如不同類型的文化需求、課業壓力，及有興趣與本地學生互動等。本研究進一步發現其他的影響因素，包括與他人在文化面向連結的相關知覺、隨著不同情境而改變注重的優先順序（課業或生活等）、樂於協助其他國際學生、維持自身文化的認同，以及將參與社交活動視為一種生存方式等。本研究的發現可以協助我們了解國際學生在社會參與中需求的複雜性，也提供在藝術參與模式上可以改善的方向。作者透過探討國際學生的社交與文化參與及其意義，希望教育機構可以增進國際學生在海外求學生涯中豐富的社交與文化生活。

The article examines social and cultural participation patterns observed among international graduate students of selected nationalities in a university in the Eastern United States. Based on the data from an on-line survey (248 respondents) and face-to-face interviews (42 participants)， the authors identify diverse forms of participation， which include socialization， cultural and arts participation， and civic engagement， and analyze the factors that influenced participation patterns. The findings of this study support the literature's understanding of the factors that influence international students' social and cultural participation， which include different types of cultural needs， intensity of academic activities， and general interest in interaction with students in the host society. The study also revealed additional motivating factors， which include: perception of cultural links with other people; change in priorities over time; interest in assisting other international students; need to maintain cultural identity; and use of socialization as a survival tool. These findings inform our understanding of the complex needs of international students， and also provide some implications for further development of the arts participation model applied. The authors discuss the meaning of social and cultural participation on students' lives and the way in which institutions may help enrich their social and cultural lives during their study.