高等教育政策的价值结构——基于政策文本的实证分析

The Value Structure of Higher Education Policy——An Empirical Analysis Based on Policy Text

价值问题是公共政策研究的基本问题。本文通过对1979-1998年533项高等教育政策文本中价值的经验分析，将高等教育政策的价值划分为实体价值(包括经济价值、权力价值、知识价值、技术价值、福利价值)和符号价值(包括专有称谓、名誉、意识形态、规划目标)两大类，并考察了政策价值之间的相互关系。研究认为，经济价值与知识价值的矛盾是高等教育政策的基本价值矛盾。在很大程度上，符号价值不仅决定了实体价值在政策中实现的范围和程度，同时也影响实体价值的配置和话语表述方式。政策文本中被言说的显性价值由未被言说的隐性价值所决定。＂市场的强迫\＂和国家政治系统中的核心权威是隐性价值的主要来源。

The purpose of this paper is to present the value structure of higher education policy. The author constructs a value system of higher education policy， and discusses the relation through analyzing the values of 533 higher education policy texts from 1979-1998. The authors draw the conclusions as follows: entity value (including economic value， power value， knowledge value， technique value and welfare value) and symbol value (including special titles， reputation， ideology， and expected goals) constitute the value structure of higher education policy. The basic value contradiction of higher education policy is the contraction between economic value and knowledge value. To a large extent， symbol value not only decides the scope and degree of entity value but also realizes and influences the allocation and discourse expression of entity value. In policy texts， implicit value unspoken decides the expression of explicit value spoken. Implicit value derives mainly from “the silent compulsions of market” and the core authority of national political system.