在特殊的“单中心”治理中走近公共性——对新中国中小学收费政策的回顾与反思

From Special “Single Center” Administration To Publicity——The Reflection on Tuition Policy of Public Middle and Primary Schools in China

现代民族国家发展义务教育的经验表明，以“物质资源集中和行政资源集中”为特征的政府“单中心”治理方式，是实施免费、福利义务教育的有效制度设计。考察表明，新中国中小学发展长期实施着“物质资源匮乏和行政资源集中”的、特殊的“单中心”治理方式。新世纪以来，国家物质资源的日益充足、政府供给愿望的持续增强以及公共治理机制的不断完善，不但使全国范围内的免费义务教育成为现实，也为消解包括择校收费在内的治理难题，实现真正、全面的免费义务教育提供了可预期的发展前景。

The “single center” characterized by “centralized resources and administration” is an effective strategy for the tuition-free compulsory education. In China， This special “single center” administration is a long-term tuition policy in middle and primary schools. In the new era， as national resources are becoming abundant， government supply are increased， and public administration and regulation are optimized， national tuition-free compulsory education comes into practice. This also helps to deal with those problems such as school selection fee.